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35--检测硬盘坏块坏道，通电时长，硬件规格，当前温度，还有测试读写速度
2020-04-15 17:26:56
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haiyang
起因我在闲鱼淘了一块不错的日立垂直硬盘，HGST的 HTS725050A7E630， 7200转，500G ,sata3接口 32M缓存 到手后我接到小主机上，显示用badblocks检测坏块坏道，然后用smartctl查看硬件规格，通电时长，温度啥的，然后用hdparm这个命令测试硬盘读写速度。这3个工具只有smartctl需要安装。那么现在开始吧。 * 用badblocks检测坏块坏道， 这个过程很耗时，-v参数是运行时显示详细的处理信息， -s显示检查进度. * -s非常有必要，不然都不知道检查多少了，500G检查了大概70分钟。 ``` ronny@server:~$ sudo badblocks -s -v /dev/sda1 > badsectors [sudo] password for ronny: Checking blocks 0 to 488385535 Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass completed, 0 bad blocks found. (0/0/0 errors) ronny@server:~$ ``` `检测没有坏道坏块` * smartctl查看硬盘信息，包括硬件规格信息（型号，序列号，转数，容量） 还有我们关心的通电时长，以及硬盘健康检查 * smartctl need install package: sudo apt-get install smartmontools * 查看一下硬件信息包括通电时长，可以看到 9 Power_On_Hours最后一个值7840，说明已经用了7840h. ``` ronny@server:~$ sudo smartctl -a /dev/sda1 smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-55-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Hitachi/HGST Travelstar Z7K500 Device Model: HGST HTS725050A7E630 Serial Number: RC055ACB2T7G6J LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 7a5e733e9 Firmware Version: GS2ZC360 User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm Form Factor: 2.5 inches Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6 SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s) Local Time is: Mon Jan 20 12:46:58 2020 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED General SMART Values: Offline data collection status: (0x00) Offline data collection activity was never started. Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled. Self-test execution status: ( 0) The previous self-test routine completed without error or no self-test has ever been run. Total time to complete Offline data collection: ( 45) seconds. Offline data collection capabilities: (0x5b) SMART execute Offline immediate. Auto Offline data collection on/off support. Suspend Offline collection upon new command. Offline surface scan supported. Self-test supported. No Conveyance Self-test supported. Selective Self-test supported. SMART capabilities: (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering power-saving mode. Supports SMART auto save timer. Error logging capability: (0x01) Error logging supported. General Purpose Logging supported. Short self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 2) minutes. Extended self-test routine recommended polling time: ( 92) minutes. SCT capabilities: (0x003d) SCT Status supported. SCT Error Recovery Control supported. SCT Feature Control supported. SCT Data Table supported. SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16 Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds: ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 062 Pre-fail Always - 0 2 Throughput_Performance 0x0005 100 100 040 Pre-fail Offline - 0 3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0007 233 233 033 Pre-fail Always - 1 4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 2580 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 100 100 005 Pre-fail Always - 0 7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x000b 100 100 067 Pre-fail Always - 0 8 Seek_Time_Performance 0x0005 100 100 040 Pre-fail Offline - 0 9 Power_On_Hours 0x0012 083 083 000 Old_age Always - 7840 10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0013 100 100 060 Pre-fail Always - 0 12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 2569 191 G-Sense_Error_Rate 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 3342404 193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0012 099 099 000 Old_age Always - 13392 194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0002 222 222 000 Old_age Always - 27 (Min/Max 2/56) 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0008 100 100 000 Old_age Offline - 0 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x000a 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0 223 Load_Retry_Count 0x000a 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0 SMART Error Log Version: 1 No Errors Logged SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1 Num Test_Description Status Remaining LifeTime(hours) LBA_of_first_error # 1 Vendor (0x50) Completed without error 00% 3 - # 2 Vendor (0x50) Completed without error 00% 0 - SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1 SPAN MIN_LBA MAX_LBA CURRENT_TEST_STATUS 1 0 0 Not_testing 2 0 0 Not_testing 3 0 0 Not_testing 4 0 0 Not_testing 5 0 0 Not_testing Selective self-test flags (0x0): After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk. If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay. ``` 参数解释 ———————————————— ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME 1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 读取错误率 3 Spin_Up_Time 起转时间 4 Start_Stop_Count 启动停止次数 5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 重新分配扇区计数 7 Seek_Error_Rate 寻道错误率 9 Power_On_Hours 通电时间 10 Spin_Retry_Count 起转重试次数 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 重新校准重试次数 12 Power_Cycle_Count 启动<->关闭循环次数 192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 断电磁头缩回计数 193 Load_Cycle_Count 磁头加载/卸载循环计数 194 Temperature_Celsius 温度 196 Reallocated_Event_Count 在分配扇区物理位置事件计数（与坏道无关） 197 Current_Pending_Sector 当前等待中扇区数（状态存疑/不稳定-等待后续判断） 198 Offline_Uncorrectable 无法修正的扇区总数 199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count UltraDMA CRC错误计数 200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 写入错误率 ———————————————— * 用smartctl简单查看硬盘的规格信息，这个感觉显示的比hdparm -i的结果更友好。 ``` ronny@server:~$ sudo smartctl -i /dev/sda1 smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-55-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Hitachi/HGST Travelstar Z7K500 Device Model: HGST HTS725050A7E630 Serial Number: RC055ACB2T7G6J LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 7a5e733e9 Firmware Version: GS2ZC360 User Capacity: 500,107,862,016 bytes [500 GB] Sector Sizes: 512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical Rotation Rate: 7200 rpm Form Factor: 2.5 inches Device is: In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: ATA8-ACS T13/1699-D revision 6 SATA Version is: SATA 3.0, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s) Local Time is: Mon Jan 20 12:51:29 2020 CST SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled ``` * -H 参数对硬盘做整体健康自我评估测试，如果result为PASSED说明硬盘很健康，近期内不大可能发生硬件失效. ``` ronny@server:~$ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sda1 smartctl 6.5 2016-01-24 r4214 [x86_64-linux-4.15.0-55-generic] (local build) Copyright (C) 2002-16, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org === START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION === SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED ``` # hdparm 来测硬盘读取速度. (不需要安装，系统自带) * hdparm 工具参宿说明 1) -t 评估硬盘的读取速度， 2) -T 评估硬盘缓存的读取速度 3) -i 读取硬件规格信息，这些信息是在开机时由硬件本身所提供 4) -I 读取硬盘的硬件规格信息，硬盘型号序列号,还有一大堆其他信息，如7200转等 * -iT参数开始测速。如下这个速度已经在机械硬盘里算很快了，我华塑的笔记本硬盘都没这块89的硬盘快。 ronny@server:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sda1 ``` /dev/sda1: Timing cached reads: 33190 MB in 1.99 seconds = 16711.71 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 376 MB in 3.01 seconds = 124.88 MB/sec ``` hdparm也可以查看硬盘的规格信息，但是没有smartctl -i显示的友好， hdparm的好处是不需要安装，smartctl需要安装（apt-get install smartmontools） * 例如执行下面-i参数的命令可以查看这是一块日立的硬盘，型号是HTS725050A7E630 * 72表示7200转，5050表示500G, 若是HTS721010就说明是7200转1T容量。若是HTS541010就说明是5400转1T容量 ``` ronny@server:~$ sudo hdparm -i /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: Model=HGST HTS725050A7E630, FwRev=GS2ZC360, SerialNo=RC055ACB2T7G6J Config={ HardSect NotMFM HdSw>15uSec Fixed DTR>10Mbs } RawCHS=16383/16/63, TrkSize=0, SectSize=0, ECCbytes=4 BuffType=DualPortCache, BuffSize=unknown, MaxMultSect=16, MultSect=16 CurCHS=16383/16/63, CurSects=16514064, LBA=yes, LBAsects=976773168 IORDY=on/off, tPIO={min:120,w/IORDY:120}, tDMA={min:120,rec:120} PIO modes: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 DMA modes: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 UDMA modes: udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 AdvancedPM=yes: mode=0x80 (128) WriteCache=enabled Drive conforms to: unknown: ATA/ATAPI-2,3,4,5,6,7 * signifies the current active mode ``` * -I显示的比小i更详细，Configuration可以看到转数等 ``` ronny@server:~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sda1 /dev/sda1: ATA device, with non-removable media Model Number: HGST HTS725050A7E630 Serial Number: RC055ACB2T7G6J Firmware Revision: GS2ZC360 Transport: Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0; Revision: ATA8-AST T13 Project D1697 Revision 0b Standards: Used: unknown (minor revision code 0x0028) Supported: 8 7 6 5 Likely used: 8 Configuration: Logical max current cylinders 16383 16383 heads 16 16 sectors/track 63 63 -- CHS current addressable sectors: 16514064 LBA user addressable sectors: 268435455 LBA48 user addressable sectors: 976773168 Logical Sector size: 512 bytes Physical Sector size: 4096 bytes Logical Sector-0 offset: 0 bytes device size with M = 1024*1024: 476940 MBytes device size with M = 1000*1000: 500107 MBytes (500 GB) cache/buffer size = unknown Form Factor: 2.5 inch Nominal Media Rotation Rate: 7200 Capabilities: LBA, IORDY(can be disabled) Queue depth: 32 Standby timer values: spec'd by Standard, no device specific minimum R/W multiple sector transfer: Max = 16 Current = 16 Advanced power management level: 254 DMA: mdma0 mdma1 mdma2 udma0 udma1 udma2 udma3 udma4 udma5 *udma6 Cycle time: min=120ns recommended=120ns PIO: pio0 pio1 pio2 pio3 pio4 Cycle time: no flow control=120ns IORDY flow control=120ns Commands/features: ..... ... Logical Unit WWN Device Identifier: 5000cca7a5e733e9 NAA : 5 IEEE OUI : 000cca Unique ID : 7a5e733e9 ``` 一切都Ok，那我们就开始用fdisk去重新为这块硬盘划分分区，并格式化为ext4吧。 接下来请参考我的笔记:[03--ubuntu挂载新硬盘]
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